{From Annex G, Appendix G, Enclosure B}

3.3.2.2. Targeting Intelligence Support.

3.3.2.2.1. Targeting is the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. Intelligence supports targeting by relying on DIE-produced intelligence products; with support and coordination from the Intelligence Community (IC) and multinational intelligence organizations. Target development occurs in three stages: basic, intermediate, and advanced target development. Each stage of the target development process results in the continual refinement of the minimum intelligence data necessary to plan for effective target engagement.

3.3.2.2.2. Examples of intelligence data includes entity-level basic, intermediate, and advanced target development data; Target System Analysis; Electronic Target Folders; target lists; and target intelligence assessments. ATD is the part of the targeting cycle that focuses on weaponeering, aim point selection and Development, and Collateral Damage Estimation (CDE).

3.3.2.2.3. Sponsors must consider intelligence support to targeting if their capability solution will employ, or will rely on the employment of, offensive kinetic and/or non-kinetic capabilities. Target development shortfalls may negatively impact the capability solution’s successful development, integration with existing targeting or weaponeering databases, on-time delivery schedule, and ultimately its operational status (i.e., intelligence support to targeting is a broad category that encompasses munitions and all associated capability solutions relying upon the munition). The joint targeting cycle provides the foundation for intelligence support to targeting, whether the solution is kinetic or non-kinetic, to improve the likelihood of achieving desired military objective. Munitions Effectiveness Assessments (MEA) and Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) studies may help identify gaps in FA capabilities for follow-on operations.

3.3.2.2.4. Sponsors shall use the Joint Planning process, or Service equivalent, to perform target development. This process may allow sponsors to anticipate the volume of targets, the target folders necessary, and the accompanying aim points to effect an operation. Sponsors are advised to follow certification and accreditation requirements in accordance with Reference [160].

3.3.2.2.5. Targeting support may overlap with the IMD GEOINT support category because many targeting services rely upon and/or incorporate geospatial products or information. Coordinate-seeking weapons, or weapons that can or will be able to operate in a coordinate-seeking mode, must declare required target location error -- expressed as circular and linear error in meters or feet -- with an associated confidence level reported at 90 percent.

3.3.2.2.5.1. GEOINT provides two irreplaceable components that contribute to all aspects of warfighting, including weapons and weapon systems: a framework (WGS84) that renders other intelligence actionable by virtue; and referencing it to a four dimensional space-time context and critical qualitative and quantitative information to describe the physical and functional characteristics of the political, economic, military, social, informational, and infrastructure components of an adversary’s capabilities. World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84), which incorporates an ellipsoidal Earth model, is the official DOD positional coordinate reference system. In unilateral and joint operations, the US military will use the WGS 84 geodetic 3-D coordinate reference system – (including Height Above Ellipsoid) unless the Commander determines that the use of other position reference systems (i.e. datum) is missional critical. Universal use of the WGS 84 provides the common, global, accurate reference system necessary for modern military operations and precision weapons. “Web Mercator” shall not be used. Many popular, commercial, visualization applications use systems that appear to be WGS 84 in name but, in fact, do not comply with the definition of WGS 84. Some examples are “Web Mercator”, “WGS 84 Web Mercator”, “WGS 1984 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere)”, and “EPSG 3857.” The use of these systems and data from these systems may result in errors up to 40,000 meters.

3.3.2.2.5.2. The fusion of intelligence (including imagery-derived MASINT) with geospatial information to create GEOINT conveys understanding of enemy assets and actions that play a dominant role in determining weapon and weapon system effectiveness. Early and concise identification of GEOINT shortfalls for planning and execution to optimize weapon and weapon system effectiveness is a matter of critical concern when NGA must justify requirements for resources and apportionment of those resources within the agency. An example of such GEOINT shortfalls would be the identification of routine data exploitation and production requirements for the construction details of buildings that affect the performance of miniaturized munitions. Another example would be concise description of man-made features and demographic distributions in urban areas where planned operations must consider high-fidelity estimation of collateral damage risks.